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Central Asia is an important hub connecting the Asian continent and European continent, and one of the key regions for China's foreign exchange and cooperation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Central Asian countries have relatively backward medical conditions, and TCM has become an important part of local healthcare. Regulations on traditional/complementary and alternative medicine have been issued in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan; acupuncture and moxibustion has been covered by medical insurance in Kyrgyzstan; TCM has existed in other Central Asian countries in form of folk medicine. Central Asian countries are extremely rich in medicinal plant resources, but weak in foundation of pharmaceutical industry. Chinese government has signed cooperation agreements on TCM with many Central Asian countries, and the practical cooperation in the field of traditional medicine have continued to expand. At present, the development of TCM in Central Asian countries still faces problems such as weak foundation for the development and utilization of medicinal materials, shortage of professionals talents in TCM education and small scale of TCM clinics. In view of the above, in order to promote the dissemination and development of TCM in Central Asian countries, it is recommended that relevant units promote the establishment of joint laboratories or research centers of Chinese materia medica; give full play to local resource advantages and promote the development of medicinal plant industry; to strengthen the construction of overseas centers of TCM; actively carry out joint education or further education projects, and cultivate localized senior talents.
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Chinese medicinal resources are the material basis for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources is also an important project for the modernization of TCM in China. With the increasing demand for Chinese medicinal resources in China, over-exploitation has destroyed Chinese medicinal resources, resulting in a shortage of many natural medicinal resources in China and making the sustainable development of TCM in trouble. The introduced new foreign medicinal resources have become effective supplement and replacement for Chinese medicinal resources to some extent. However, the development and utilization of new foreign medicinal resources in China are different. To fully understand the development of new foreign medicinal resources in China, this paper, taking 43 new foreign medicinal resources such as Acacia nilotica as objects, sorted out the introduction forms and policies of new foreign medicinal resources, overviewed its current development status in China, summarized the application experience of new foreign medicinal resources in the place of origin, as well as the research progress and problems of new foreign medicinal resources in China and abroad, and analyzed the research situation, which can enrich Chinese medicinal resources and other uses, promote the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources, and provide ideas for further development and research of new foreign medicinal resources.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Conservation of Natural Resources , Sustainable Development , Internationality , ChinaABSTRACT
The development status of the first 11 inheritance studios of acupuncture and moxibustion academic schools is summarized. Aiming at the current problems, it is suggested to establish qualitative and quantitative evaluation standards and establish a fair and reasonable evaluation system, build a systematic scientific theory and excavate the inherent laws of the schools, implement standardized management of the schools and protect the personalized characteristics of the schools, open outpatient clinic of acupuncture and moxibustion schools and promote the characteristic diagnosis and treatment technology, to promote the inheritance and development of acupuncture and moxibustion academic schools.
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Moxibustion , Acupuncture Therapy , SchoolsABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become an important part in the healthcare system of Latin American countries, especially the TCM therapy represented by acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been included in the medical insurance system of Brazil and Ecuador, and many universities in Brazil, Cuba, Mexico and other countries offer courses related to traditional medicine, including acupuncture and moxibustion courses. Latin American counties are rich in medicinal plant resources. Argentina, Chile, Colombia and other countries have publicized regulations related to the use of herbs.China has signed cooperation agreements on TCM with many Latin American countries and, they have showed desire to strengthen cooperation with China. At present, the development of TCM in Latin American countries faces some problems, such as the scale of TCM clinics is small, the quality of TCM training are unbalanced, and there are many restrictions on TCM products entering the Latin American market. In order to promote cooperation with Latin American countries in TCM and expand its scale and development, it is suggested that China should carry out in-depth cooperation on global public health governance at the national level, plan the layout of overseas centers of TCM in Latin America and promote the construction, while scientific research institutions of TCM should carry out joint research on TCM with Latin American countries, and strengthen cooperation in running schools to standardize TCM education.
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This paper uses PEST analysis method to analyze the macro environment of the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the Lancang-Mekong area. China has stable political relations with the other five countries in the Lancang-Mekong area, and governments attach great importance to TCM. TCM can reduce the economic burden of patients in the Mekong countries, and the five countries have extensive market. The Mekong countries recognize traditional medicine, and their local cultures and customs are similar to China. The medical level and pharmaceutical technology of TCM have advantages in the Mekong countries, and the registration standards of TCM and TCM practitioners are friendly. However, TCM also faces problems such as limited scale, insufficient service capacity, lack of policy guarantee and insufficient talents in the Mekong countries.Therefore, it is suggested to rely on intergovernmental cooperation to further tap the development potential of TCM in the Mekong countries; take advantage of overseas Chinese groups to promote the development of TCM; encourage enterprises to enter and expand the market of TCM; and actively cultivate international TCM talents.
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@#Abstract: Objective ， To analyze the current status and existing problems of occupational health talents in China and put Methods forward development measures and suggestions. The occupational health supervision and management law enforcement officers at the city and county levels in China and occupational health professionals in local occupational disease prevention and control technical support institutions at all levels were selected as the survey subjects using comprehensive survey. The Questionnaire on the Construction Status of Occupational Health Personnel Team in China was used to investigate Results ， theallocation. ByDecember2020 therewere17900occupationalhealthsupervisionandlawenforcementofficersin ， ， cities counties and districts and each occupational health supervision and law enforcement officer in China needed to ， ， supervise and manage 261 enterprises. Among them there are 689 enterprises in Jiangsu Province and 67 enterprises in - - ShanxiProvince.There are 45 200 full time and part time occupationalhealth professionals in occupationaldisease prevention ， and control technical support institutions affiliated to local health systems at all levels. Among them there are 4 900 ， occupationaldiseasepreventionhospitalsatalllevels 20700diseasecontrolcentersatalllevelsand 19600generalhospitals ， - - at all levels. On the distribution of disciplines and specialties there are 22 400 health related majors and 3 200 non health Conclusion ， majors. Thereisalackofpersonnelinoccupationalhealthsupervisionandlawenforcement unevengeographical ， ， distribution few occupational health professionals and imperfect discipline system of occupational health system. There is an ， ， urgent need to strengthen the construction of occupational health personnel team optimize the structure of the team improve ， ， the personnel training mechanism innovate personnel training methods and improve the comprehensive quality and ability of occupationalhealthpersonnel.
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Background China is facing enormous challenges of occupational disease prevention and control and high incidences of occupational diseases. Occupational disease diagnosis is an important part of occupational disease prevention and control. However, the current situation of occupational disease diagnosis service system in China is not optimistic. Relevant national laws, regulations, policies, and plans require to improve the current technical support system of occupational disease diagnosis and treatment, and to establish a sound occupational disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation network on the foundation of existing medical and health institutions. Objective To analyze the development status and existing problems of occupational disease diagnosis institutions in China, and propose countermeasures and suggestions. Methods All occupational disease diagnosis institutions in China were surveyed by questionnaire using comprehensive census. The Occupational Health Center of the National Health Commission organized the preparation of the questionnaire and the participation of all relevant institutions in the survey. All data collected in the survey were for the year 2020 and available as of December 31, 2020. The questionnaire covered the overall situation, service provided, staffing of certified physicians for providing occupational disease diagnosis, and instruments in selected categories of occupational disease diagnosis institutions. Results As of December 2020, there were 587 occupational disease diagnosis institutions in China; the highest average number of enterprises served by an occupational disease diagnosis institution was 39000, and that of employees served by an occupational disease diagnosis institution was 2.15 million in Chongqing. There were a total of 5809 physicians certified to diagnose occupational diseases in China, with 20.4 doctors per specified occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital, 9.5 doctors per general hospital, and 8.3 doctors per disease control and prevention center. Only 87.7% of the institutions were equipped with digital radiography (DR), 58.1% with computed tomography (CT), and 96.4% with pulmonary function meters; the equipment rate of computed radiography (CR) was only 6.5%, and that of CT was only 14.6% in all-level disease control and prevention centers; 45 disease control and prevention centers were not equipped with any common x-ray machine, CR, DR, or CT. Conclusion In the face of the still serious situation of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, the overall distribution of institutions is uneven around China, the number of institutions in some regions is relatively insufficient, and the comprehensive capacity of centers for disease control and prevention at all levels needs to be improved. Strengthening comprehensive capacity building of occupational disease diagnosis institutions and training of relevant physicians would be helpful to ensure the accuracy and scientificity of diagnosis. At the national level, further increasing policy guidance and financial input would help occupational disease diagnosis institutions upgrade their techniques and service capacity, and protect workers' occupational health rights.
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China and Tunisia have frequent exchanges and good relationship. Tunisia has the largest medical center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among Africa and Arab countries. The development of TCM in Tunisia has shown great potential. By searching the information and legal regulations of the Ministry of health of Tunisia, the West Asia and Africa Department of the Ministry of Commerce of China and the business office of the Chinese Embassy in Tunisia, this paper studies the development status, legislation and drug access, bilateral cooperation, market potential and risks of TCM in Tunisia. It is found that acupuncture and massage are widely used in Tunisia. However, Tunisia has strict control over the sources of TCM. It is proposed that the future development of TCM in Tunisia should be based on the advantages of good relations between China and Tunisia, obtain both government support, take acupuncture and massage as a pioneer, promote TCM, encourage and develop TCM industry.
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This paper analyzes and compares the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Germany, France, the UK and Netherlands, considering the economic and social situation of countries. The SWOT strategic analysis is carried out on the basis of the proposittion of China-Europe cooperation in TCM, which encourage to carry out joint tackling of TCM for common diseases, jointly promoting the legislation with the guidance of the government and the participation of the public, speeding up the registration and listing of Chinese patent medicine with the focus on the Netherlands and the UK, and optimizing the perspective and strength of TCM publicity with the help of new media. In this way, TCM should be promoted in Europe.
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This article introduces the present development status, medical insurance charges, publicity and influence, legislation and practice of acupuncture-moxibustion in Namibia, and proposes some countermeasures for the current problems in the development of acupuncture-moxibustion in Namibia. Namibia has passed legislation of acupuncture-moxibustion and incorporated acupuncture-moxibustion into the medical insurance system in March 2020. The acupuncture-moxibustion will enter the fast track of development, but the acupuncture-moxibustion education, training and cooperation, talent cultivation mode, reimbursement scope of medical insurance, and standardization construction still need to be steadily improved and strengthened.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , Namibia , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
The discovery of small-molecule drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 is one of the most concerned research fields in drug discovery. Different kinds of small-molecule drugs approved or being developed are currently under clinical studies for the treatment of COVID-19. At present, the design of most clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 is lack of rationality. Moreover, the efficacy of drugs is controversial. High-quality results of clinical research are urgently needed. There is no small-molecule drugs in clinical studies that have specific effects on SARS-CoV-2. To find more drug candidates, artificial intelligence, structure-based drug design and other methods are applied to discover pre-clinical small molecule compounds against important protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 and virus host. Resources should be further integrated to discover drugs with specific effects to treat COVID-19.
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Urology is an ancient academic discipline, and its rapid development is due to the combination between medicine and engineering. The development of urology in China is an example of the combination of industry-academia-research based on the progress of science and technology. This paper mainly summarizes the recent advances of interdisciplinary combination between medicine and engineering in urology.
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Humans , Biomedical Engineering , China , Interdisciplinary Research , UrologyABSTRACT
Bronchoscope is the core part of the interventional diagnosis and treatment technology for lung diseases, which has experienced more than 100 years of development history. It has gradually formed a diagnosis and treatment model of pulmonary diseases with cooperation of multi-clinical disciplines, deep integration of interventional minimally invasive techniques, and cross-integration of diversified diagnosis and treatment concepts. This article aimed to review the current status and development of interventional diagnosis and treatment techniques for lung diseases, and introduces the characteristics of the interventional treatment of our center.
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The advent of the bioeconomy era is triggers a new wave of technology and industrial revolution. Bioeconomy has become the commanding heights that major developed countries and emerging economies try to seize. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of global bioindustry development from four perspectives: biomedical industry, genetically modified crop planting industry, bioenergy industry, and bio-based chemical industry. Then it summarizes the main characteristics of the development of the global bioindustry, and further put forward policy recommendations for the bottleneck problems in the development of China's bioindustry, which can guide the future development of China's bioeconomy.
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By analyzing the data of " Pharmacology and Toxicology" in ESI and InCites databases, this paper interprets the current situation of "Pharmacology and Toxicology" in China. The number of papers published, cited frequency, published journals and highly cited papers in the discipline were assesses, and the global level of the discipline of "Pharmacology and Toxicology" in China was summarized. At the same time, the relevant data of the discipline in the top 100 universities in China were also analyzed, including seven institutes. Within the seven Chinese institutes, the nine journals with the most repeated times, the journal distribution analysis, the top 10 citation journals and the international collaboration of the seven institutes were summarized.
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The present use of artificial intelligence at primary health care institutions covers auxiliary treatment, voice electronic medical records, rational drug use, chronic disease management assistance, and auxiliary diagnosis of medical images. The authors analyzed the main factors restricting the development of primary medical artificial intelligence products, and put forward solutions from the perspectives of optimizing product functions, organizing expert resources from the national level. These efforts can assist in the examination and approval of medical artificial intelligence products, and improve the medical artificial intelligence system, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence in primary medical and health institutions.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the development status of TCM enterprises of Nantong city and provide suggestions， and to promote the sustainable development of TCM enterprises of Nantong city. METHODS： Taking Nantong city as an example， questionnaires were issued to 15 TCM enterprises in Nantong （including 4 TCM decoction piece enterprises， 11 TCM pharmaceutical preparation enterprises）. The statistical analysis was carried out in respects of scale structure， development （including economic development and staff） and development potential （by enterprise R&D funds and R&D personnel input intensity） of enterprises during 2013-2017. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： In terms of the scale and structure of the enterprise， there were no large-scale enterprises in Nantong city， only 3 medium-sized enterprises， 12 small enterprises； the overall scale of enterprises was small； the overall concentration of TCM enterprises was not high， in which the market structure of TCM decoction piece enterprises was oligopolistic， and the structure of preparation enterprises was competitive. The concentration of TCM decoction enterprises was higher than that of TCM preparation enterprises. In terms of economic development， the annual average GDP and profit growth rate are 14.98％ and 19.09％ from 2014 to 2017； the economic development situation was good， but the brand variety advantage was not developed fully. In terms of staff， employee’s education level was mainly college degree （34.01％） and the staff category was mainly salesperson （32.73％）. In terms of the company’s development potential， enterprise R&D funds and R&D personnel input intensity were in low levels （average 2.96％， 11.32％ in 5 years）， the number of patents （16 in 2013 vs. 17 in 2017） and innovative products （7 in 2013 vs. 12 in 2017） increases slowly， and only one had opened up overseas markets. In response to the issues， TCM enterprises of Nantong city or other areas should merge and reorganize appropriately to expand the scale of the industry and improve the market concentration； increase research funds and talented personnel investment， insist the protection and in novation of TCM. In addition， build a big data “healthy cloud” platform to break the traditional industrial chain； at the same time， seize the “Belt and Road” policy finance and taxation opportunities to promote overseas and develop markets to promote the sustainable development of TCM enterprise.
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Temporary prescription preparation is the preparation processed into different dosage forms by relevant pharmacist according to the temporary preparation requirement and the personalized prescription made by the doctor in accordance with the syndrome differentiation and drug performance.It is an important part in personalized pharmaceutical services.Rational design of process route,production equipment and quality control method for the temporary prescription preparation,and establishment of technology research strategy and mode in accordance with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine temporary prescription preparations play an important role in promoting the development of the temporary prescription preparations.To promote the normalization,standardization and intelligent development of temporary prescription preparations,we would comprehensively summarize the significance,policy,technology characteristics,technology research status quo and existing problems in this paper,and put forward the research direction of temporary prescription preparation technology based on the physical properties of raw materials,equipment research strategy,and intelligent manufacturing technology.Thus it will push the inheritance and innovation of temporary prescription preparation.
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Prescriptions , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Research DesignABSTRACT
The acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM was introduced into Malaysia since fourteenth century. After several centuries of precipitation and accumulation, acupuncture and moxibustion showed vigorous vitality in Malaysia. This article provides an overview of the development of acupuncture in Malaysia from a full-time education in acupuncture, association, policy support for acupuncture, clinical application and scientific research, etc. With the frequent exchanges between the traditional medical community in Malaysia and the Chinese medicine community in mainland China, the spread of acupuncture in Malaysia has been greatly promoted.
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Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Malaysia , MoxibustionABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the development status of mental health service of Shanghai mental health agencies,and to provide reference for further strengthening the standardized management of service agencies.Methods:In Shanghai,107 mental health service agencies (including psychiatric institutions,non-specialist medical institutions,non-specialist enterprise and public institutions,social institutions) were selected from Shanghai psychological service industry association.Each person in charge of these agencies was interviewed with an adapted 5 l-item questionnaire.A total of 89 valid questionnaires were collected.In this study,25 items of the questionnaire (belonging to the parts of agency information,mental health service situation and management of mental health service) were selected and analyzed.Results:All the surveyed agencies had been registered.The average age of these agencies for setting up mental health service was 8.9 years,and the average age of psychiatric institutions was the longest (18.6 years).Besides,psychiatric institutions attracted most of the clients (83.9％) in 2015.Among the professionals,only 32.5％ were full time,74.0％ were female,41.5％ were between 31 and 40 years old and 63.8％ were undergraduates.Psychiatrists,psychotherapists,counselors and psychometric person accounted for 78.0％ of the professionals in these agencies.Only 52.3％ of the agencies had full-time management personnel for mental health service.The most used method of assessing the quality of service and staff assessment was to obtain feedback from the client/family members (81.0％) and the assessment of the services (78.8％).Conclusion:The development of mental health service in Shanghai mental health agencies has been more normalized,but there is still a lack of full-time professionals.In addition,there is a lack of unified supervision and management mechanism for professionals.